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There is a view that lifespan can be extended dramatically and some even suggest that practical immortality is possible and even achievable in the foreseeable future. Therefore, only few recent papers that discuss such matters are cited here. Opinions concerning the possibility of counteracting aging range from very optimistic to very pessimistic views and are described in numerous papers and comments on such papers.
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Those who disagree with it have to clearly define what else aging could be from a mechanistic point of view, regardless of their more philosophical views about why we age and why and how life, aging, and death came into being. Since it becomes more and more clear that aging is due to a significant number, or even a myriad, of causes, the term unified theory of aging is applicable as well. This may be called the standard or general (GTA) theory of aging. Hence, in agreement with the view expressed by Hayflick and Holliday, we know the general cause of aging.
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This damage leads to development of pathological conditions and, as a consequence, to death. In other words, it is the progressive damage to these structures and functions that we perceive and characterize as aging. Such causes of aging include but are not limited to oxidative stress, glycation, telomere shortening, side reactions, mutations, aggregation of proteins, etc.
#What is the most unknown part of the body free#
While many authors believe that free radicals and oxidative stress play an insignificant role in aging (if any), it is hard to disagree with the clearly expressed view that aging is the generated by multiple causes damage to the structures and functions of the molecules, cells, organs, etc., of an organism. According to Hayflick, “The common denominator that underlies all modern theories of biological aging is change in molecular structure and, hence, function”. While the synergism between the causes of aging is the main topic of this review, several related matters are briefly discussed as well.Īccording to Harman, “Aging is the progressive accumulation of changes with time that are associated with or responsible for the ever-increasing susceptibility to disease and death which accompanies advancing age” and “the sum of the deleterious free radical reactions going on continuously throughout the cells and tissues constitutes the aging process or is a major contributor to it”. It follows that health/lifespan might be significantly extended if we eliminate or even attenuate the increase of a few or even just one of the causes of aging. Since the causes of aging are synergizing, it is also concluded that none of them is the major one but many including free radicals, etc. In this regard, the analysis of results and mortality patterns described in studies involving yeasts and Drosophila provides support for this view. It is reasonable to conclude that this might explain the acceleration of aging and mortality with age. One implication is that when two or more synergizing causes increase over time, the result of their action increases dramatically I discuss a simple model demonstrating this. In this review, I point to the fact that the causes of aging synergize with each other and discuss the implications involved. Taken at face value, this suggests, for example, that free radicals and reactive oxygen species do not play a significant role in aging and that the lifespan of organisms cannot be significantly extended. It becomes clearer and clearer that aging is a result of a significant number of causes and it would seem that counteracting one or several of them should not make a significant difference.